Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how the body processes glucose, the main source of energy. It occurs when the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively, leading to a buildup of sugar in the bloodstream.

Types of Diabetes

1. Type 1 Diabetes:
   Believed to be an autoimmune reaction that destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It’s typically diagnosed in children or adolescents and requires lifelong insulin therapy.

2. Type 2 Diabetes:
   The most common form, occurs when the body's cells become resistant to insulin or the pancreas doesn't produce enough of it. It's often linked to obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.

3. Gestational Diabetes:
   Develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth. However, it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Symptoms of Diabetes

Symptoms vary depending on the type of diabetes, but common signs include:

• Excessive thirst

• Frequent urination

• Extreme hunger

• Unexplained weight loss

• Fatigue

• Blurred vision

• Slow healing of wounds

• Frequent infections

Causes of Diabetes

The causes differ based on the type:

• Type 1: Thought to be triggered by genetic and environmental factors that cause an autoimmune attack on the pancreas.

• Type 2: Often linked to obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of diabetes.

• Gestational: Caused by hormonal changes during pregnancy that affect insulin sensitivity.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors for diabetes include:

• Being overweight

• Lack of physical activity

• Family history of diabetes

• Older age

• High blood pressure

• Abnormal cholesterol levels

Potential Complications

If not managed properly, diabetes can lead to serious health complications, such as:

• Cardiovascular disease

• Nerve damage (neuropathy)

• Kidney problems

• Vision issues and possible blindness

• Foot problems that may lead to amputation

Prevention and Management

You can lower the risk of diabetes or manage it effectively by:

• Following a healthy diet

• Staying physically active

• Maintaining a healthy weight

• Regularly monitoring blood sugar levels

• Adhering to prescribed medical treatment

For more information and support, please contact the healthcare providers at Almana Hospitals.